///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
//  Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.  All rights reserved.
//

namespace Microsoft.Singularity.Security.AccessControl
{
    using System;
    using System.Text;
    using System.Collections;

    /// <summary>
    /// Implement an cache with maximum size, timeouts, and LRU pruning.
    /// </summary>

    public class ICacheValue
    {
        public DateTime expiry;
        public bool Expired { get { return (this.expiry > DateTime.Now); } }

        public void ResetExpiry(Cache! cache, DateTime minExpiry)
        {
            expiry = cache.ComputeExpiry(minExpiry);
        }

        public ICacheValue(Cache! cache, DateTime minExpiry)
        {
            expiry = cache.ComputeExpiry(minExpiry);
        }
    }

    public class Cache : Hashtable
    {
        internal struct Stats {
            public int maxEntries;
            public bool enabled;
            public int hits;
            public int misses;
            public int timeout;
            public int prunePercent;
            public string statHeader;

            public Stats (int _maxSize, int _timeout, int _prunePercent, string! _statHdr)
            {
                maxEntries = _maxSize;
                enabled = true;
                hits = 0;
                misses = 0;
                timeout = _timeout;
                prunePercent = _prunePercent;
                statHeader = _statHdr;
            }
        }

        internal class CacheEntry
        {
            public string! key;
            public ulong lastAccess;
            public ICacheValue! value;          // the client value

            public CacheEntry(string! key, ICacheValue! value)
            {
                this.key = key;
                this.value = value;
                this.lastAccess = lastAccessSource++;
            }
        }

        private const int DefaultMaxCacheSize = 1000;
        private const int DefaultTimeout = 60 * 60;
        private const int DefaultPrunePercent = 25;

        // we don't access this inside a lock, because if we lose
        // a click we don't care
        private static ulong lastAccessSource = 0L;

        private Stats stats;

        public Cache()
        {
            this.stats = new Stats(DefaultMaxCacheSize, DefaultTimeout, DefaultPrunePercent, "");
        }

        public Cache(int maxEntries, int timeout, int prunePercent, string! statHeader)
        {
            this.stats = new Stats(maxEntries, timeout, prunePercent, statHeader);
        }

        public DateTime ComputeExpiry(DateTime minExpiry)
        {
            DateTime exp = DateTime.Now;
            exp.AddSeconds(stats.timeout);
            if (exp > minExpiry)
                exp = minExpiry;
            return exp;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Retrieve the corresponding entry
        /// </summary>
        public ICacheValue GetEntry(string! key)
        {
            // no lock because HTs are lock-free for read
            if (!stats.enabled)
                return null;

            CacheEntry e = (CacheEntry) this[key];
            if (e == null) {
                stats.misses++;
                return null;
            }
            stats.hits++;
            e.lastAccess = lastAccessSource++;
            return e.value;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Add or replace the entry in the cache
        /// </summary>
        public void AddEntry(string! key, ICacheValue! value)
        {
            lock (this) {
                if (! stats.enabled)
                    return;

                CacheEntry e = new CacheEntry(key, value);
                if (this.Count >= stats.maxEntries)
                    Prune(false);
                this[e.key] = e;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Make room in the cache
        /// </summary>

        public void Prune(bool all)
        {
            // assume that Expired entries will come to the head of the LRU
            lock (this) {
                if (all)
                    this.Clear();
                else {
                    int target = (this.stats.maxEntries * stats.prunePercent) / 100;
                    CacheEntry[] candidates = new CacheEntry[target];
                    CacheEntry lastCandidate = null;
                    foreach (DictionaryEntry de in this) {
                        CacheEntry! e = (CacheEntry!) de.Value;
                        if (lastCandidate == null || e.lastAccess < lastCandidate.lastAccess) {
                            lastCandidate = InsertPruningCandidate(e, candidates);
                        }
                    }
                    for (int i=0; i<target; i++) {
                        CacheEntry e = candidates[i];
                        if (e != null)
                            this.Remove(e.key);
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        private CacheEntry InsertPruningCandidate(CacheEntry! e, CacheEntry[]! ccs)
        {

            for (int i=ccs.Length-1; i>=0; i--) {
                CacheEntry ee = ccs[i];
                if (ee == null) {
                    ccs[i] = e;
                    break;
                }
                if (e.lastAccess < ee.lastAccess) {
                    // push everyone down, insert here
                    while (ee != null) {
                        ccs[i] = e;
                        if (i-- == 0)
                            break;
                        e = ee;
                        ee = ccs[i];
                    }
                    break;
                }
                // otherwise keep looking
            }
            return ccs[0];
        }

        // these methods are for testing purposes

        public void ResetStats()
        {
            lock (this) {
                this.stats.hits = 0;
                this.stats.misses = 0;
            }
        }

        public void SetMaxEntries(int max)
        {
            lock (this) {
                stats.maxEntries = max;
                Prune(false);
            }
        }

        public void SetTimeout(int seconds)
        {
            lock (this) {
                stats.timeout = seconds;
            }
        }

        public void SetPrunePercent(int percent)
        {
            lock (this) {
                stats.prunePercent = percent;
            }
        }

        public void Enable()
        {
            lock (this) {
                stats.enabled = true;
            }
        }

        public void Disable()
        {
            lock (this) {
                stats.enabled = false;
            }
        }

        public void DumpStats(StringBuilder! sb)
        {
            lock (this) {
                sb.AppendFormat("{0} Hit:{1}, Miss:{2}, N:{3}, Max:{4}, T0:{5}, PP:{6}\n",
                                        stats.statHeader, stats.hits, stats.misses,
                                        this.Count, stats.maxEntries, stats.timeout,
                                        stats.prunePercent);
            }
        }

        public void DumpCache(StringBuilder! sb)
        {
            lock (this) {
                foreach (DictionaryEntry de in this) {
                        CacheEntry! e = (CacheEntry!) de.Value;
                        sb.AppendFormat("Key: {0}, Expiry: {1}, LastAccess: {2}\n",
                                    e.key, e.value.expiry.ToString("t"), e.lastAccess);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}