///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
//  Microsoft Research Singularity
//
//  Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.  All rights reserved.
//
//  File:   Disk.sg
//

using Microsoft.SingSharp;
using Microsoft.Singularity.Channels;
using Microsoft.Singularity.Directory;
using Microsoft.Singularity.Io;

using System;
using System.Threading;

namespace Microsoft.Singularity.Services.Fat.Fs
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Class responsible for performing low-level disk I/O.
    /// </summary>
    internal class DiskEndpoint
    {
        internal TRef<DiskDeviceContract.Imp:Ready> epTRef;

        internal DiskEndpoint([Claims] DiskDeviceContract.Imp:Ready! diskImp)
        {
            epTRef = new TRef<DiskDeviceContract.Imp:Ready>(diskImp);
        }

        internal byte[] in ExHeap Read(ulong                      sectorId,
                                       [Claims] byte[]! in ExHeap data)

        {
            DiskDeviceContract.Imp:Ready! imp = epTRef.Acquire();
            ulong dataLength = (ulong)data.Length;
            imp.SendRead(data, 0, dataLength, sectorId);
            switch receive {
                case imp.RecvAckRead(outBuffer):
                    epTRef.Release(imp);
                    return outBuffer;
                    break;
                case imp.RecvNakRead():
                    epTRef.Release(imp);
                    return null;
                    break;
                case imp.ChannelClosed():
                    delete imp;
                    throw new ChannelClosedException();
                    break;
            }
        }

        internal byte[] in ExHeap Write(ulong                      sectorId,
                                        [Claims] byte[]! in ExHeap data)
        {
            return Write(sectorId, data, 0, (uint)data.Length);
        }

        internal byte[] in ExHeap
        Write(ulong                      sectorId,
              [Claims] byte[]! in ExHeap data,
              uint                       dataStart,
              uint                       dataBytesToWrite)
        {
            DiskDeviceContract.Imp:Ready! imp = epTRef.Acquire();
            imp.SendWrite(data, dataStart, (ulong)dataBytesToWrite, sectorId);
            switch receive {
                case imp.RecvAckWrite(outBuffer):
                    epTRef.Release(imp);
                    return outBuffer;
                    break;
                case imp.RecvNakWrite():
                    epTRef.Release(imp);
                    Tracing.Log(Tracing.Warning,
                                "FatFs received disk NakWrite for sector {0}.",
                                sectorId);
                    return null;
                    break;
                case imp.ChannelClosed():
                    delete imp;
                    throw new ChannelClosedException();
                    break;
            }
        }
    } // end class Endpoint

    /// <summary>
    /// Class responsible for maintaining pool of disk endpoints.
    /// </summary>
    internal class DiskEndpointPool
    {
        ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        // Fields

        DiskEndpoint[] endpoints;
        int available;

        ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        // Invariants

        // invariant available >= 0 && available <= endpoints.Length;

        ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        // Methods

        internal DiskEndpointPool(int capacity)
        {
            endpoints = new DiskEndpoint[capacity];
            available = 0;
        }

        internal int Capacity { get { return endpoints.Length; } }

        /// <summary>
        /// Takes DiskEndpoint from the Pool for use.
        /// <para>This method takes an endpoint from the pool.
        ///  If no endpoints are available, this method blocks.</para>
        /// </summary>
        internal DiskEndpoint! Get()
        {
            Monitor.Enter(this);
            try
            {
                for (;;) {
                    if (available > 0) {
                        // Programmer error missed
                        // the return statement here.  The compiler generated
                        // no warning and obviously locked the application.
                        return InternalGet();
                    }
                    Monitor.Wait(this);
                }
            }
            finally {
                Monitor.Exit(this);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Places DiskEndpoint in the pool for potential use by others.
        /// </summary>
        internal void Add(DiskEndpoint! endpoint)
        {
            Monitor.Enter(this);
            try
            {
                InternalAdd(endpoint);
                Monitor.Pulse(this);
            }
            finally {
                Monitor.Exit(this);
            }
        }

        private DiskEndpoint! InternalGet()
            // requires monitor held
            requires available > 0;
            ensures available == old(available) - 1;
        {
            return (!) endpoints[--available];
        }

        private void InternalAdd(DiskEndpoint! endpoint)
            // requires monitor held
            requires available < endpoints.Length;
            ensures  available == old(available) + 1;
        {
            endpoints[available++] = endpoint;
        }
    }

    internal class Disk
    {
        ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        // Constants

        internal const int BytesPerSector = 512;
        internal const ushort NoSystemId  = 0xffff;

        ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        // Members

        string!           name;
        DiskEndpointPool! endpoints;
        ulong             startSector;
        ulong             totalSectors;
        ushort            systemId;

        ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        // Methods

        private Disk(string!           diskName,
                     DiskEndpointPool! diskEndpoints,
                     ulong             diskStartSector,
                     ulong             diskSectorCount,
                     ushort            diskSystemId)
        {
            name         = diskName;
            endpoints    = diskEndpoints;
            startSector  = diskStartSector;
            totalSectors = diskSectorCount;
            systemId     = diskSystemId;

            base();
        }

        internal string! Name           { get { return name;} }
        internal ulong   StartSector    { get { return startSector; } }
        internal ulong   TotalSectors   { get { return totalSectors; } }
        internal int     MaxConnections { get { return endpoints.Capacity; } }

        internal DiskAttributes DiskAttributes
        {
            get {
                return 0;
            }
        }

        internal bool GetSystemId(out byte sysId)
        {
            if (systemId != NoSystemId) {
                sysId = (byte)(systemId & 0xff);
                return true;
            }
            sysId = 0;
            return false;
        }

        internal byte[] in ExHeap
        Read(ulong sectorId, ulong length)
            requires sectorId < TotalSectors;
        {
            byte[]! in ExHeap data = new [ExHeap] byte[length];
            return Read(sectorId, data);
        }

        internal byte[] in ExHeap
        Read(ulong sectorId, [Claims] byte[]! in ExHeap data)
            requires sectorId < TotalSectors;
            requires (data.Length % BytesPerSector) == 0;
        {
            DiskEndpoint ep = endpoints.Get();
            try {
                return ep.Read(sectorId, data);
            }
            finally {
                endpoints.Add(ep);
            }
        }

        internal byte[] in ExHeap
        Write(ulong sectorId, [Claims] byte[]! in ExHeap data)
            requires sectorId < TotalSectors;
            requires (data.Length % BytesPerSector) == 0;
        {
            DiskEndpoint ep = endpoints.Get();
            try {
                return ep.Write(sectorId, data);
            }
            finally {
                endpoints.Add(ep);
            }
        }

        internal byte[] in ExHeap
        Write(ulong sectorId,
              [Claims] byte[]! in ExHeap data,
              uint dataStart,
              uint dataBytesToWrite)
            requires sectorId < TotalSectors;
            requires (data.Length % BytesPerSector) == 0;
            requires dataStart <= data.Length;
            requires dataStart + dataBytesToWrite <= data.Length;
        {
            DiskEndpoint ep = endpoints.Get();
            try {
                return ep.Write(sectorId, data, dataStart, dataBytesToWrite);
            }
            finally {
                endpoints.Add(ep);
            }
        }

        ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        // Static construction methods

        static private bool
        GetDiskStartSector(DiskDeviceContract.Imp:Ready! diskImp,
                           out ulong startSector)
        {
            diskImp.SendGetStartSector();
            switch receive {
                case diskImp.RecvAckGetStartSector(sectors):
                    startSector = sectors;
                    return true;
                    break;
                case diskImp.ChannelClosed():
                    startSector = 0;
                    return false;
                    break;
            }
        }

        static private bool
        GetDiskSectorCount(DiskDeviceContract.Imp:Ready! diskImp,
                           out ulong sectorCount)
        {
            diskImp.SendGetSectorCount();
            switch receive {
                case diskImp.RecvAckGetSectorCount(sectors):
                    sectorCount = sectors;
                    return true;
                    break;
                case diskImp.ChannelClosed():
                    sectorCount = 0;
                    return false;
                    break;
            }
        }

        static private bool
        GetDiskSystemId(DiskDeviceContract.Imp:Ready! diskImp,
                        out ushort systemId)
        {
            diskImp.SendGetSystemId();
            switch receive {
                case diskImp.RecvSystemId(theSystemId):
                    systemId = theSystemId;
                    return true;
                    break;
                case diskImp.RecvNoSystemId():
                    systemId = NoSystemId;
                    return true;
                    break;
                case diskImp.ChannelClosed():
                    systemId = 0;
                    return false;
                    break;
            }
        }

        static private bool
        GetDiskAttributes(DiskDeviceContract.Imp:Ready! diskImp,
                          out DiskAttributes da)
        {
            diskImp.SendGetDiskAttributes();
            switch receive {
                case diskImp.RecvAckGetDiskAttributes(theAttributes):
                    da = theAttributes;
                    return true;
                case diskImp.ChannelClosed():
                    da = 0;
                    return false;
            }
        }

        static private DiskDeviceContract.Imp:Ready
        ValidatedDiskEndpoint([Claims] DiskDeviceContract.Imp:Start! diskImp)
        {
            switch receive {
                case diskImp.RecvSuccess():
                    return diskImp;
                    break;
                case diskImp.RecvContractNotSupported():
                    delete diskImp;
                    return null;
                    break;
                case diskImp.ChannelClosed():
                    // Log "Disk {0} closed channel unexpectedly."
                    delete diskImp;
                    return null;
                    break;
            }
        }

        static private DiskDeviceContract.Imp:Ready
        OpenDevice(DirectoryServiceContract.Imp:Ready! nsImp,
                   string!                             deviceName)
        {
            DiskDeviceContract.Exp! diskExp;
            DiskDeviceContract.Imp! diskImp;
            DiskDeviceContract.NewChannel(out diskImp, out diskExp);

            nsImp.SendBind(Bitter.FromString2(deviceName), diskExp);
            switch receive {
                case nsImp.RecvAckBind():
                    return ValidatedDiskEndpoint(diskImp);
                    break;
                case nsImp.RecvNakBind(badExp, errorCode):
                    delete diskImp;
                    delete badExp;
                    return null;
                    break;
                case nsImp.ChannelClosed():
                    delete diskImp;
                    return null;
                    break;
            }
        }

        static internal Disk
        Create(DirectoryServiceContract.Imp:Ready! nsImp,
               string!                             deviceName,
               int                                 channelCount)
            requires channelCount >= 1;
        {
            //
            // Create first connection to disk
            //
            DiskDeviceContract.Imp diskImp = OpenDevice(nsImp, deviceName);
            if (diskImp == null) {
                Console.WriteLine("Could not establish a connection to {0}\n",
                                  deviceName);
                return null;
            }

            //
            // Retrieve cacheable disk information
            //
            ulong startSector;
            if (GetDiskStartSector(diskImp, out startSector) == false) {
                Console.WriteLine("Lost connection to {0}.\n", deviceName);
                delete diskImp;
                return null;
            }

            ulong totalSectors;
            if (GetDiskSectorCount(diskImp, out totalSectors) == false) {
                Console.WriteLine("Lost connection to {0}.\n", deviceName);
                delete diskImp;
                return null;
            }

            ushort systemId;
            if (GetDiskSystemId(diskImp, out systemId) == false) {
                Console.WriteLine("Lost connection to {0}.\n", deviceName);
                delete diskImp;
                return null;
            }

            DiskAttributes da;
            if (GetDiskAttributes(diskImp, out da) == false) {
                Console.WriteLine("Lost connection to {0}.\n", deviceName);
                delete diskImp;
                return null;
            }

            //
            // Initialize endpoints for handling concurrent I/O requests
            //
            DiskEndpointPool pool = new DiskEndpointPool(channelCount);
            pool.Add(new DiskEndpoint(diskImp));

            for (int i = 1; i < channelCount; i++) {
                diskImp = OpenDevice(nsImp, deviceName);
                if (diskImp == null) {
                    Console.WriteLine("Failed establishing connection {0} to {1}.\n", i, deviceName);
                    return null;
                }
                pool.Add(new DiskEndpoint(diskImp));
            }

            //
            // Construct and return Disk object
            //
            return new Disk(deviceName, pool,
                            startSector, totalSectors, systemId);
        }
    }
}