// An reverse-engineered implementation of the PRNG used in the SSX games.

#include <cstdint>
#include <cstring>

// only bring this in for the test
#ifdef COMPILE_TEST
	#include <cstdio>
	#include <cassert>
#endif

struct bxPsuedoRng {


	/**
	 * The initalization state.
	 * Weirdly, these constants seem to show up in tables
	 * to convert from milliseconds -> NTP fractional time.
	 *
	 * Interesting source for psuedorandom constants.
	 */
	constexpr static std::uint32_t InitState[6] {
		0xf22d0e56,
		0x883126e9,
		0xc624dd2f,
		0x702c49c,
		0x9e353f7d,
		0x6fdf3b64
	};


	constexpr explicit bxPsuedoRng() {
		std::memcpy(this, &InitState[0], sizeof(*this));
	}

	constexpr explicit bxPsuedoRng(std::uint32_t seed) {
		Seed(seed);
	}

	constexpr void Seed(std::uint32_t seed = 0) {
		state[0] = seed + InitState[0];
		state[1] = seed + InitState[1];
		state[2] = seed + InitState[2];
		state[3] = seed + InitState[3];
		state[4] = seed + InitState[4];
		state[5] = seed + InitState[5];
	}


	// These were implemented in the original code so I'm just doing it here to be nice

	constexpr void CopyTo(bxPsuedoRng* dest) {
		std::memcpy(dest, this, sizeof(*this));
	}

	constexpr void CopyFrom(bxPsuedoRng* src) {
		std::memcpy(this, src, sizeof(*this));
	}

	/**
	 * Get a random number.
	 */
	constexpr std::uint32_t NextInt() {
		std::uint32_t tempOutput = state[4] + state[5];
		bool startCycleIf = (state[4] + state[5] < state[5]) || (state[4] + state[5] < state[4]);

		// start cycle?
		std::uint32_t prevState = state[3];
		state[4] = tempOutput;
		tempOutput += startCycleIf + prevState;

		std::uint32_t prevState2 = state[2];
		state[3] = tempOutput;
		tempOutput += (tempOutput < prevState) + prevState2;

		prevState = state[1];
		state[2] = tempOutput;
		tempOutput += (tempOutput < prevState2) + prevState;

		state[1] = tempOutput;
		tempOutput += state[0] + (tempOutput < prevState);

		// Set output "register" to the output of all the cycles combined,
		// and add 1 to the final "register".
		state[0] = tempOutput;


		// Make sure the entire state is nonzero, including the output
		// "register". This really should be cleaned up :(

		state[5]++;
		if (state[5] + 1 == 0) {
			auto* ptr = &state[4];
			*ptr++;
			if (*ptr == 0) {
				ptr = &state[3];
				*ptr++;
				if (*ptr == 0) {
					ptr = &state[2];
					*ptr++;
					if (*ptr == 0) {
						ptr = &state[1];
						*ptr++;
						if (*ptr == 0) {
							tempOutput++;
							state[0] = tempOutput;
						}
					}
				}
			}
		}

		return state[0];
	}


	/**
	 * The PRNG state, which I call "registers" for simplicity.
	 *
	 * Things I know:
	 * [0] is the output register
	 */
	std::uint32_t state[6];
};


#ifdef COMPILE_TEST
// The following is a simple driver program
// which just cycles the PRNG 1000 times.
// I use this in a very simple test one-liner I ran while simplifiying/cleaning up the PRNG:
//
//  g++ -std=c++20 -DCOMPILE_TEST bxprng_new.cpp -o bxprng; ./bxprng >prelim; diff working prelim
//
// The "working" file, attached to this Gist, is the output of simply getting the decompiled code
// to even compile. (since I assume that would work without introducing bugs). If you see no output
// (besides gcc warnings) from this command, the test passed (prelim file is exactly the same as "working").


int main() {
	bxPsuedoRng rng;

	// Run 1000 cycles, printing out results as we go.
	for(int i = 0; i < 1000; ++i) {
		auto next = rng.NextInt();
		std::printf("cycle %d: 0x%08x (decimal: %d / %u)\n", i + 1, next, next, next);
	}

	// The state after 1000 cycles should always match this, since
	// we don't seed the PRNG.
	assert(rng.state[0] == 0x9213d468);
	assert(rng.state[1] == 0x04dfa254);
	assert(rng.state[2] == 0xddf4b3e5);
	assert(rng.state[3] == 0x90ef376d);
	assert(rng.state[4] == 0x9e3cdd49);
	assert(rng.state[5] == 0x6fdf3f4c);
}

#endif // COMPILE_TEST